When I started training in Wing Chun Kung Fu, I spent about three months wondering if the system was right for me. I even contemplated quitting a few times, once going so far as to contact my Sifu to speak with him about it. Wing Chun was different than most other arts I had studied to that point; the footwork was precise and demanding, the horse stance used for training was painful and seemed pointless, and chi sao practice was so boring I thought it was a complete waste of time.

My training to that point had been largely of the “short attention span” approach, as I flitted from style to style without committing. Reluctant to walk away from yet another school and worried that I was shortchanging myself by never testing for advanced ranks, I told myself to give it at least six months. That seemed like a fair amount of time in which to decide if the style was right for me. “If I’m still hating it, if I still feel like the clumsiest guy in class, I’m not capable of learning it,” I told myself.

I’m very grateful I did not quit.

It was in those next weeks and months that things started to come together. I “got it” as I trained, becoming more and more comfortable with the style and its application. More importantly, I began to see gains that pointed to the qualities I had observed in my Sifu: his incredible speed, his seemingly effortless flow, the “snap” to his techniques, and the tremendous power he generates in a body one hundred pounds lighter than mine.

While Wing Chun is not the only style I study, it has had a profound influence on me. I’ve come to realize just how effective and efficient a close-quarters fighting art it is. Given my experience with Wing Chun, the degree to which it is condemned, dismissed, and even ridiculed by others surprises me – though it shouldn’t. Considering this, a fundamental question remains in the minds of many. It is a question answered derogatively by some who’ve spent years with the style, not to mention by the occasional fly-by amateur who has dabbled in Wing Chun without truly learning it as a system. The question is, “Just how effective is Wing Chun?”

I find myself, as a strong advocate of Wing Chun as a realistic fighting system, defending a traditional martial art (TMA). This makes me, in the minds of some critics, a traditionalist – though the fact is that I am as far from a traditionalist as it is possible to be. I do not believe in defending tradition for its own sake, in holding up age or the Ancients as proof of an argument. I do, however, believe in finding value in the valuable wherever it may be, regardless of provenance.

I have no ego invested in Wing Chun as a system. If it had not met my standards, I would not train in it – and perhaps I would have felt a sense of relief at the time this would free up in my schedule. I do not waste my time, which is at a premium given my busy lifestyle, engaged in the “illusion of competence.” This is why I know Wing Chun to be extremely effective – because I have experienced it personally, evaluated it objectively, and applied it vigorously.

Of Lineages and Schools

Discussing the effectiveness of Wing Chun is complicated greatly by the fact that not all Wing Chun is created equal. While I hate to admit it, the high ratio of poor instruction to good instruction available commercially is dismaying. There are multiple lineages of Wing Chun – chains of students and instructors, most of whom do things differently to varying degrees. (There is even at least one lineage of Wing Chun not associated with the famous Wing Chun master Yip Man.) Some lineages deemphasize, to their detriment, the lateral footwork that makes Wing Chun mobile and therefore effective. Others used flawed technical structure, such as tan saos (“dispersing hands”) or wu saos (“guarding hands”) held horizontally rather than properly angled. (A tan sao held horizontally has no deflecting power; a wu sao held horizontally is in invitation to broken fingers.)

I train in the William Cheung lineage, but my instructor is a universalist who believes that all Wing Chun should be respected as Wing Chun. He shows us structural variations accordingly and lets us come to our own conclusions. All lineages have their stories of how theirs is the “true” Wing Chun, all of them apocryphal at best. These are irrelevant to me, for the efficiency of the system is not built on these histories (despite the petty politicking that occurs in the Wing Chun world).

A famous “fight,” which is still discussed today after years of bickering, once took place between William Cheung and a student from another lineage. The choppy video of this event is held up as “proof” of any number of spurious claims. “Cheung can’t fight,” is one. “Cheung got his ass kicked,” is another. “Wing Chun is not street effective,” some conclude. “Wing Chun people can’t grapple,” some argue. Of these, only the latter has even a little validity, though a single scuffle proves very little about the skills of those involved. Anyone, after all, can screw up or have a bad day, and nobody is alert to danger at all times (though they should be).

An objective look at the video (which both sides claim has been edited to the benefit of the other) shows us that A) Cheung protects his center as he’s been taught to do; B) the aggressor mounts him and throws wild blow after wild blow; C) Every time Cheung tries to throw a leg up over his opponent, he slides across the gymnasium floor, providing the viewer with a valuable lesson on the ways in which terrain can screw up our best laid plans.

When the “fight” was over, neither party was injured. So what does this tell us? It tells us almost nothing. From it we learn nothing about Wing Chun as a system (other than the need for cross-training in grappling to cover what is arguably a blind spot in Wing Chun, though most schools do train in “anti-grappling”). We learn relatively little about the two participants, other than that they didn’t hurt each other. We learn, simply, that politics can leave a black eye on a style that no amount of punching can inflict.

I believe there is a right way and a wrong way to perform certain techniques, even though some lineages teach the variations as acceptable. As always, reality is the deciding factor. In my school, for example, we are taught to distribute our weight evenly on both feet for optimum balance and mobility. Anyone who tells you, therefore, that “Wing Chun is ineffective because the weight is placed primarily on the rear leg” is in error – though that error may be the product of poor teaching in a lineage or school imparting improper structure.

When we discuss the efficacy of Wing Chun, then, we must acknowledge that many schools and lineages teach different things. Where there is conflict, we must be biased towards those techniques and principles that offer the best REALISTIC results. All else is not “proof of Wing Chun’s ineffectiveness” – it is proof of poor teaching (or poor learning). The final arbiter is reality, not claims or stories or family trees. Wherever a better alternative exists in the pantheon of Wing Chun masters, it is that alternative that represents “true Wing Chun.”

Just how effective is Wing Chun?
Train earnestly and you’ll find out.

Touch Reflexes and Sticky Hands

From the outset, I despised chi sao practice at my Wing Chun School. What was the point, I wondered, of these repetitive, stylized movements? It was so boring. These are common complaints and produce predictable proclamations from students of reality-based self-defense instructors (and even students of other TMAs). “There are better ways to spend your time,” they will state. “There are faster ways to learn effective self-defense.”

While Wing Chun Kung Fu can be learned relatively quickly by the standards of TMA, it is true that it is not the fastest means of acquiring immediate self-defense skills. There are numerous combatives curricula available that provide this (such as the Six Gates Defense course my own Wing Chun instructor offers). Training in a martial art like Wing Chun, however, implies a commitment to development over the long term rather than in the short term.

I’ve written before of the time I “attacked” my Wing Chun teacher with a rubber knife and he missed the initial intercept of my “blade.” His touch reflexes enabled him to perceive the force of my incoming attack and respond accordingly despite the initial miss. No amount of conscious thought can produce reflexes of this nature. When developed, touch reflexes are instinctive and make the fighter much more formidable. This is why my instructor can fight me without looking at me at least part of the time.

These are attributes that can only be developed over the long term. No number of five-hour seminars will make you more sensitive in the short term. I doubted the utility of chi sao until I loosened up and started seeing gains – at which point my strikes and my counters became faster and less conscious.

A student who dismisses the benefit of chi sao entirely does not understand its purpose. Those who admit that touch reflexes are of benefit, but who argue that there are better ways than “sticky hands” to develop it, are not providing a convincing argument against chi sao. They are simply arguing for a different means towards the same end.

Forms and Tradition

The practice of forms is closely associated with traditional Kung Fu and is also dismissed by amateurs and experts alike. When I studied Chidokwan Karate, I hated memorizing kata. A form is not a kata; the latter is a chain of techniques performed against an imaginary opponent or opponents, normally practiced with speed and power. A form, by contrast, is a physical catalog of techniques – a slow pantomime of what a style has to offer at the form’s level of development.

Syracuse Wing Chun Academy students perform Sil Lim Tao.

Critics of forms, particularly Sil Lim Tao (the first form of Wing Chun), complain that it is practiced slowly and with neither power nor resistance. “How,” they demand, “does this teach someone to fight?”

A form does not teach the practitioner “to fight.” A form does teach proper structure and, well, form for one’s techniques. It teaches the right angles, the proper distances, and the ranges of motion for those techniques. As a means of practice it is very useful. No amount of forms practice can take the place of combat drills, through which techniques are applied with speed and power against resisting opponents. As a reference tool for the mechanics of those techniques, however, the form serves a vital purpose in learning the style.

As a mental exercise, forms allow the practitioner to internalize a physical catalog of techniques and refer back to it. Frequently my Sifu will say, “From the form,” referring to the right way to execute a movement. Repetition is the best means of internalizing anything, while slow practice forces the practitioner to focus. Done correctly, Sil Lim Tao takes an excruciatingly long time to perform – with good reason. Thus, the forms critics knock as slow, repetitive, and useless are actually valuable teaching tools.

(I’ve heard stories of schools that make students practice Sil Lim Tao for a full year while teaching them nothing else, on the theory that this proves the student’s dedication. This would be like learning to drive while memorizing the manual but never once climbing into a car. It is also irrelevant to Wing Chun’s effectiveness once learned.)

As an aside, perhaps the stupidest critique I’ve heard of forms is that there is no need, in this day and age of DVD and digital cameras, for a physical catalog of techniques. No student can afford to refer back to “off-site storage” for a technique when the site in question is the brain of the practitioner. A form is a tool, but to be useful it must be carried by the user.

I watched a video online of some UFC-style tournament in which a wrestler faced a Wing Chun practitioner (who was probably of a different lineage than mine, judging by his low wu saos). The Wing Chun fighter walked towards his opponent. He stood there like a potted plant while the wrestler performed a shoot, took him down, and mounted him before pounding the living daylights out of him. The video is another of those pieces of “proof” that Wing Chun is not effective – or so critics assert.

In reality, the video is again proof of either poor teaching or a poor student. Even the beginners in my Wing Chun school are taught the importance of lateral footwork, of moving off the attacking line, of moving in to dominate space and overwhelm the opponent. My instructor often repeats the mantra, “Light on your feet, can’t be beat.” The footwork we learn is precise, demanding, fast, and effective. In sparring with a friend from a hard style, my Wing Chun footwork served me well, as I was able – not once, but twice – to circle step around and in to strike him while avoiding kicks. Before my Wing Chun training, I would not have accomplished this.

Done properly, Wing Chun footwork is balanced, stable, and a good structural platform from which to generate power. We are taught to remain “rooted” while moving, retaining balance while aligning the body’s gates to hit with power.

Wing Chun Chain Punching

I’ve read some truly ignorant comments online regarding Wing Chun’s punching techniques, from the misconception that such punches rely on speed for power to the assertion that centerline punches cannot be thrown with power. An informed wing Chun student knows that the reciprocating centerline punches of Wing Chun rely on the punching-side leg remaining rooted, while the leg, hip, shoulder, and elbow line up to deliver force with pile-driving efficiency. Beginners are generally slow at first, and practicing chain punches in the air is done without power to develop the tendons over the long term. This leads, however, to power-punching against focus pads and bags – and ultimately to students wearing Army-surplus flak jackets to absorb the impacts. The famous one- and no-inch punch techniques are Wing Chun punches. With practice, this phonebook parlor tick can be performed instinctively in combat, as the student learns to align his or her body to blast the opponent.

If I have any real complaints about Wing Chun punching, those complaints have nothing to do with power. Wing Chun punches are exceptionally powerful when performed correctly. No, my problem is that I generally do not like closed-fist strikes at all – because of the danger of damage to the hand. Fortunately, Wing Chun also contains chops and palm strikes, which I tend to favor. The vertical “sun fist” of Wing Chun punching is at least structurally superior to the horizontal fists used in Karate styles (which I refuse to do at all anymore). My instructor, who has extensive boxing experience, finds closed-fist punching very natural. He hits HARD, too.

The Wooden Dummy

A lot of ignorant practitioners of fighting arts treat the wooden dummy like a rigid heavy bag. Some go so far as to complain that the dummy is a traditionalist failing of Wing Chun – because it makes a poor punching surface. All of these people are making a profound mistake. The wooden dummy is used to train the all-important structure of Wing Chun techniques – the angles and orientations that make this art (whose practitioners refuse to fight force with force) – work. It can be used for a limited amount of conditioning, but the wooden dummy’s primary purpose is to provide reference points and feedback for the proper execution of techniques. It is not intended for use as a target for absorbing blunt trauma. A practitioner who brags about breaking the arms off his dummy does not understand how to use it. A student who pounds the dummy’s body like a heavy bag is ignorant and nothing else.

The wooden dummy trains structure. It is not a punching bag.

Power training in Wing Chun is performed with partners and with proper padding and bags – as in any art. Good schools integrate this training in their programs.

Vicious Lowline Kicking

High kicks are a liability in any fight. Wing Chun practitioners kick no higher than the groin or waist. Wing Chun kicks, when taught properly, are fast, non-telegraphic, and brutal. Critics will perceive a lack of kicking practice in the early stages of training, but this is due in part to the rigidity of the curriculum in some schools. The first form of Wing Chun contains no footwork and thus no kicks. Good Wing Chun schools give even beginning students practice in the kicking techniques that make Wing Chun especially brutal from the waist down.

Even beginning students practice kicking at good Wing Chun schools.

Simultaneous Blocking and Striking

Forget all the nonsense you’ve heard about “trapping” or whatever other overcomplicated misconceptions you may have about Wing Chun. One of the core principles of the system is to “use both hands at the same time.” Wing Chun, in recognition of the fact that a strike beats a block every time, performs both simultaneously. This is done by slapping, jamming, or jerking the attacking limb while delivering a counterattack – preemptively, when possible.

Wing Chun practitioners also learn to deliver rapid, vicious, powerful blows, flowing into and over the opponent (preferably from the blind side as facilitated by lateral footwork). The “blocks” themselves are, in fact, painful strikes. One well-known Wing Chun instructor’s slapping block has, as my instructor has witnessed, taken the hair off the attacking student’s arm. My instructor’s pak saos (“slapping hands”) are extremely powerful and leave my arms a pulsing red for minutes afterward.

Wing Chun striking is generally considered “linear,” though it has tight, circular elements. Regardless, it is extremely efficient, which is its hallmark. A good Wing Chun fighter strikes quickly and repeatedly, but with the power to back up his attack – thanks to the structure provided by his body mechanics and footwork.

Space Domination and Reality Combat Mechanics

In my Wing Chun school, students are taught to deescalate conflict with body language and verbiage that places the hands up, backs the practitioner away from the threat, and protects the centerline in a casual approximation of the Wing Chun guard. From here it is a quick transition to a strike or a more formal guard, all while protecting one’s personal space.

This is both a physical and mental exercise, for students learn the appropriate statements to make to law enforcement after a fight, all while indicating to any observers that they do not want trouble before the fact. If the attack comes, the practitioner’s hands are already up where they belong.

Wing Chun fighters, when taught well, are also taught to strike preemptively when a credible threat presents itself within attacking range. They learn to close quickly when on the attack and to continue pressing to overwhelm the assailant. This is the essence of “reality based” fighting. It is, in short, ruthless and effective.

Students learn footwork to close efficiently and quickly.

Combat Drills and Realism

The training and the principles come together to combine with the student’s developing attributes in the combat drills of Wing Chun. More realistic than the low-contact dueling that is much sparring, combat drills enable students (properly padded when necessary) to train techniques full-speed, with full intent, against resisting opponents. A typical series of combat drills in our school takes place in the “circle of death,” a training tool we use that pits students of all sizes and experience levels against each other. At other times, students in my Wing Chun school learn defenses against knives and guns as well as “street smart” defenses against common attacks.

Combat drills in the “Circle of Death” offer training
that is more realistic than sparring.

Centerline Awareness

All of this leads to the central tenet of Wing Chun: centerline awareness. Wing Chun practitioners are obsessive about guarding the centerline, moving off the attacking line, and striking from the opponent’s blind side whenever possible. This is sound, effective fighting principle. Wing Chun ingrains centerline awareness indelibly.

How Effective is Wing Chun?

Taught properly, Wing Chun is an extremely efficient, effective art that is entirely compatible with military combatives and reality based fighting techniques. Not everyone who tells you otherwise is pontificating from ignorance – but many are. While a great many schools teach what I consider to be poor structure or less than ideal curricula, there are many very good schools out there. I am fortunate that mine is one of them.

The Wing Chun I know is fast, mobile, and powerful. It is rooted firmly in the reality of combat. It is an efficient, pragmatic fighting art, the mastery of which would serve anyone well.